Title : Photochemical analysis on wild vine (Vitis vinifera ssp. Silvestris) grape genotypes
Abstract:
This research, was conducted to determine the phytochemical properties of 8 wild vine genotypes (E1, K1, L7, M1, M2, M5, M6, P1) in the protected wild vine (Vitis vinifera ssp. silvestris) parcel in the viticulture research and application area of Dicle University Faculty of Agriculture, horticulture department, collected from Diyarbak?r, Elaz?? and Siirt provinces. In addition, physical (grain width and length, cluster width and length) and characteristics (Total soluble solids-TSS), pH and TA (titratable acidity (g/l)) were studied in wild grape genotypes. The total amount of phenolic compounds was determined using the Folin Ciocalteu method (equivalent to Pyrocatechol), the total amount of flavonoids was determined using the aluminum nitrate method (equivalent to Quercetin). In wild grape genotypes, the total amount of phenolic compounds in fruit (bark and berry flesh) and seed extracts was found to be higher than the total amount of flavonoids for all cultivars. Three different methods called DPPH (1,1- Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil), ABTS (2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazollin-6-sulfonic acid) and CUPRAC (Copper II ion reducing antioxidant capacity) were used to determine the antioxidant activity. In the DPPH method, the highest antioxidant activity was found as 573.78 µg/ml in the seed sample the M6 wild grape genotype. In the CUPRAC method, high antioxidant activity was found in the kernel extract belonging to the E2 wild vine genotype with 65.9531 µg/ml. Considering all these results, in general, higher antioxidant activity was determined in the extract samples of the seeds compared to the extract samples of the fruit pulp. Within the scope of this study, AChE and BChE (galantamine equivalent) enzymes were analyzed, but enzyme activities were not realized in the studied genotypes. Urease enzyme activity was analyzed in order to examine the inhibition effect on urease enzyme in fruit (pulp and skin) and seed extracts of wild vine grape genotypes. Urease enzyme inhibition activity analysis was performed by taking thiourea equivalent and urease enzyme inhibition effect was not realized in wild grape genotypes studied. Elastase and collagenase enzyme inhibition activity was analyzed by taking epicatechin gallate equivalent. According to the findings, the highest collagenase enzyme inhibition activity was obtained from the fruit (bark and fruit pulp) extract of the P1 wild vine genotype with 21.34 µg/ml. This study was conducted in order to contribute to the historical culture process and literature of vine in the Southeastern Anatolia Region; to benefit from its benefits in areas such as health, pharmacology, cosmetics and to encourage studies on its use as a gene source in viticulture breeding studies. There have not been any previous studies on the antioxidant capacities, phenolic compounds and enzyme activities of wild vine genotypes in this region. For this reason, this study is of great importance in terms of being the first.
Key Words: Antioxidant activity, enzyme activity, phenolic, phytochemical, Vine Vitis vinifera ssp. silvestris
