Title : Empowering next-gen women in agriculture: Strategies for sustainable transformation in India through the 5E’s framework
Abstract:
India is at a critical juncture in addressing the interconnected challenges of food security, environmental sustainability, and economic growth, especially as the global population is expected to reach nearly 10 billion by 2050. Agriculture, a vital component of the Indian economy—contributing around 15.5% to GDP and employing a large segment of the rural workforce—must evolve to meet these challenges. The role of women, particularly the emerging Generation Z (born 1997-2012), is increasingly vital in shaping a transformative agricultural landscape. This demographic, referred to as “Next-Gen Z Agri Women,” is marked by digital fluency, a climate-conscious perspective, and purpose-driven ambitions. This Review paper addresses the pressing challenges within India's food systems, including rapid population growth, climate variability, land degradation, and market volatility. Although India possesses surplus food grain stocks, issues of equitable access, nutritional security, and sustainable agricultural practices persist. Regional disparities and climate risks complicate these challenges, necessitating innovative, inclusive approaches that prioritize the engagement of women and youth. Historically, women have been pivotal in agriculture, contributing to crop cultivation, livestock management, and the preservation of agro-biodiversity and traditional knowledge. However, they face significant barriers, including limited land ownership, restricted access to credit and insurance, and societal norms that often marginalize their contributions. Recent initiatives have bolstered female labor force participation, yet transitioning from participation to leadership and economic independence remains a substantial hurdle. Recognizing the distinctive traits of Next-Gen Z Agri Women is crucial, as they leverage technology and social media to redefine agriculture as a platform for innovation, entrepreneurship, and community impact. In response to these dynamics, this study introduces a framework of the 5Es—Entrepreneurship, Educationalism, Environmentalism, Empowerment, and Economic Resilience—as a strategic tool to enhance the capabilities of Gen Z women in agriculture. Entrepreneurship emerges as a central focus, promoting a shift from traditional subsistence agriculture to market-oriented practices that foster agro-startups and value-added agribusinesses through enhanced access to finance and mentorship. Educationalism highlights the necessity for comprehensive training in formal education and digital literacy, empowering women with skills in precision agriculture and online business management. Environmentalism taps into Gen Z women’s commitment to sustainability, encouraging their leadership in climate-smart agricultural practices. Empowerment encompasses social, economic, digital, and political dimensions, underscoring the necessity for women to play active roles in agricultural decision-making. By integrating these components, this study aims to illuminate pathways for Next-Gen Z Agri Women, enabling them to transcend existing barriers and become drivers of sustainable agricultural transformation in India. The implementation of the 5Es framework aims to enhance their leadership and innovation, contributing to a resilient agricultural economy that promotes inclusivity and sustainability.
