Title : Nematode management in vegetables through biopriming
Abstract:
Phytonematodes (PPNs) are ubiquitous browsers on crop plant. Unfortunately, of several effective chemicals, only carbofuran and its derivate carbosulfan are available to the farmers. However, carbofuran has been banned and even otherwise nematodes have created resistance against carbofuran. Hence, bio logical agents such as Trichoderma viride(Tv), T. harzianum(Th),Paecilomyces lilacinus (Pl)(Purpureocillium lilacinum), Pochonia chlamydosporium(Pc),Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf), Bacillus subtilis (Bc) and even bio fertilizers like N fixing Azotobacter, P, K, ZN, Fe,&S solubilising and mobilizing bacteria helped to manage nematodes by having their PGR properties to suppress nematode infection. Out of 3 different bio agents viz., Tv, Th & Pf tried as seed treatment at 5, 7.5 & 10g/kg seeds in cowpea, seed coating with all three bio agents at 10g / kg seeds significantly improved plant growth characters with reduced no. of galls & eggs/ egg mass and total M. incognita population. In okra, Tv,Th,Pc,Pl & Pf tried as seed coating @ 20g/kg seeds,Pl was more effective and was at par with carbofuran. Pl used as seed treatment @ 20g/kg seeds+ nursery bed treatment with 50g /m2 and transplanting treated seedlings in field after application of 5 tons FYM enriched with 5 kg Pl (1% WP)had minimum RKI (2.3 & 2.2) and increased tomato fruit yield (18.2 & 17.4%) and 67 & 70 % egg parasitism by Pl in 1st & 2nd season over control. Two years poled data indicated,c ombination of B A :Bio All (Mixture of Azotobacter, Azospirillum, PhosphoSolubilizing Bacteria (PSB) & Potash Solubilizing Bacteria (KSB))+ BM: Bio Micro (Zinc, Ferrous,& Sulphur Solubilizing Bacteria + ND: Nicoderma 1 % WP( Trichoderma viride)+ BN: Bioniconeema 1% WP(Purpureocillium lilacinum) +PA: Power All 1% WP(Pseudomonas fluorescens each @ 20ml or gm/ kg seeds increased seed germination, seedling growth & height, production of transplantable seedlings and decreased root- knot disease to the tune of 53.7,57.5,75.2, 117.9 & 34.1 % in tomato cv. Abhinav(ICBR 1: 335) and 60.5,37.6,38.3,130.4 &25.9 in chilli cv Nisha ( ICBR 1:324.. Even in field also, same combination of B A + BM + ND + BN+PA recorded significantly less RKI(2.87) with significantly higher fruit yield (393.9 q /ha) (ICBR 1:39.1) in tomato and RKI (2.40) with significantly higher fruit yield (194.4 q/ha) (ICBR 1:30.2) in chilli.
