Title : Seed-cotton (or kapas) agricultural pollution and environmental health impact assessment
Abstract:
This paper discusses seed-cotton (or kapas) agricultural pollution and environmental health impact assessment. The health impacts of projects, plans, programs, policies, or legislative actions should be considered in the planning and decision-making process. Because of these concerns, an environmental health impact assessment (EHIA) process is proposed. The most of the significant terms are “environmental health inventory,” “environmental health impact assessment (EHIA)” and “environmental health impact statement”. Public health deals with the control of water and air pollution, soil-hazardous waste management, resource protection, and soil and ground water remediation. The significant legislative action is EHIA process and Environmental Quality (EQ) that included for the physical -chemical, biological, (natural or biophysical environment) and cultural, and socioeconomic environments (nan-made environment). Environmental health impact assessment (EHIA) process for public health plants and psychological impact assessment (PIA) process are discussed. The environmental health impacts of agricultural cotton ginning projects, plans, programs, policies, and legislative actions should be considered in the decision-making process Because of the importance of these concerns, particularly post COVID-19 World , an environmental health impact assessment (EHIA) is proposed. For certain types of projects such as agricultural engineering machinery plants , it may be necessary to address psychological impacts on nearby residents as environmental and social effects change mental health. This paper realizes the hazards of chromium contamination and pollution caused in the use of chrome composite leather-clad (CCLC) rollers commonly used in cotton roller ginning industries and attempts to eliminate the chromium contamination and pollution during this environmental impact assessment (EIA) process. The cotton roller ginning process is the mechanical separation of cotton fibres from their seeds by means of one or more rollers to which fibres adhere while the seeds are impeded and struck off or pulled loose. Most of the cotton ginning operations are done using roller gins. The CCLC roller coverings contain about 18,000 to 30,000 mg/kg (ppm) as total chromium of trivalent and hexavalent forms which are toxic to human health. When the seed-cotton is ginned, due to the persistent rubbing of CCLC rollers over the fixed knives, the cotton and its products get contaminated with the total chromium of trivalent and hexavalent forms. Gin mill workers are exposed to the cotton dust and chromium pollution and are susceptible to health hazards such as premature death, cancer, byssinosis, and ulcers in cotton ginning air environment since toxic effects are produced by prolonged contact with airborne or solid or liquid chromium compounds even in small quantities. Noise pollution of agricultural ginning machinery in seed-cotton ginning mills has been found out to be 102-103 dB(A) decibel levels. To offset this problem, pollution-free rubberized cotton fabric (RCF) eco-friendly rollers for both the laboratory and commercial studies have been designed, fabricated and used in experiments in rollers gins. This nullifies chromium contamination and pollution during the complete process. Cotton technological parameters are well proven for commercial acceptance. The traditional view of viewing an organization is by surveying the vertical dimension by keeping eye of an organization chart. However, work gets done (or fails to get done) horizontally or cross functionally, not hierarchically. A process focus is continuous improvement efforts and a sequence of activities that is intended to achieve result. A function focus is vertical dimension and events intended to achieve some desired result. In the seven years of continuous improvement, quality and productivity in agriculture for cotton ginning plants have improved and defects per 100 plants were decreased and is concerned with the processes. TQM aims to ensure excellence in quantity and quality as per PDCA (Plan-Do- Check-Act) and SDCA (Standardize-Do-Check-Act) cycles in individuals and organizational management levels through the continuous improvement of processes, products and services. The TQM components encompass quality planning, quality control, quality improvement, employee participation, and quality management system practices. The TQM ensures quality in the end products or service. The agriculture cotton ginning plants have improved as it integrates quality in its operations and processes for long term success. It reduces defects and eliminates process waste. TQM improves agriculture cotton ginning plants. The future trends in TQM in agriculture cotton ginning plants have improved organizations involve the adoption of quality management practices with quality focus on planning and decision-making process and integration of TQM that involves the adoption of quality management practices with a focus on data-driven decision making and the integration of TQM with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and automation including quality management system standards and environmental management systems and Occupation health hazards and safety standards for staying in competitive environment and to comply with QMS.
Keywords: Agriculture, Assessment, Environment, Ginning, Seed-Cotton.
